In my visualization, the public policy-making process works like a human immune system-

• * Like the human body, public policy formulation is a very organic process. There are nearly five steps in policy formulation; each step is interdependent on the other.
• * A human immune system first identifies the threat of pathogenic microorganisms. Similarly, the public policy process starts with the identification of the problem.
• * The human immune system works as a closed-loop system. Likewise, public policy processes work like a closed loop with the continuous feedback of policy performance at the ground level.